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Circular Economy
exceeded the limits of the European Directive 2003/33/EC (> 10 mg/kg). It is known that Pb is released to a greater extent in the alkaline environment formed by the hydration of cement (pH ˃ 12) (Ledesma et al., 2018). SC2-25 was classified as "Non-hazardous" because the self- compacting matrix allowed Pb encapsulation. This study proved the mechanical and environmental viability of using EAFD up to 25% as secondary raw material in self-compacting mortar production, addressing an unprecedented line of research.
Figure 1. a) y b) Compressive strength, c) y d) Leaching in monolithic state y e) y f) Leaching in granular state.
4. Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank the XXI Own Research Plan of the University of Córdoba (2016) for the funding received and the Institute Superior Technical of University of Lisbon as part of the research was carried out in its facilities. Angélica Lozano-Lunar also recognizes the funding of MECD-Spain (FPU14/05245).
5. References
Issa, H., Korac, M., Gavrilovski, M., Kamberovic, Z., (2013), Possibility of carbon steel EAFD solidification/stabilization in concrete. Metalurgia International 18, pp 182-188.
Lasheras-Zubiate, M., Navarro-Blasco, I., Álvarez, J.I., Fernández, J.M., (2011), Interaction of carboxymethylchitosan and heavy metals in cement media. Journal of Hazardous Materials 194(Supplement C), pp 223-231.
Ledesma, E. F., Lozano-Lunar, A., Ayuso, J., Galvín, A. P., Fernández, J. M., & Jiménez, J. R. (2018),The role of pH on leaching of heavy metals and chlorides from electric arc furnace dust in cement-based
mortars. Construction and Building Materials 183, pp 365-375.
Nepomuceno, M., (2005), Methodology for self-compacting concrete mix design. PhD thesis in civil engineering, University of Beira Interior, Portugal, pp. 1-799.
Rattanashotinunt, C., Tangchirapat, W., Jaturapitakkul, C., Cheewaket, T., Chindaprasirt, P., (2018), Investigation on the strength, chloride migration, and water permeability of eco-friendly concretes from industrial by- product materials. Journal of Cleaner Production 172, pp 1691-1698.
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